Zeera Siyah (Carum carvi) (Black Cumin)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, astringent, pectoral, detersive.

Zeera Safed (Cuminum cyminum) (Cumin)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, astringent, diuretic.
Medicinal use: Effective in dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain.

Zafran (Crocus sativus) (Saffron)

Pharmacological action: Stimulant, exhilarant, stomachic and aphrodisiac.

Ustokhuddus (Lavandula stoechas) (Lavender)

Pharmacological action: Cephalic, nervine, carminative, expectorant, stimulant.

Ushba (Hemidesmus indicus) (Sarsaparilla)

Pharmacological action: Diuretic and blood purifier.

Unnab (Zizyphus jujube) (Jujube)

Pharmacological action: Blood purifier, emollient.

Todri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri) (Wall flower)

Pharmacological action: Cardiac tonic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, stomachic.

Tabashir (Bambusa arundinacea) (Bamboo)

Pharmacological action: Refrigerant, astringent, anthelmintic.

Sunbul Teeb (Valeriana officianalis) (True Valerian)

Pharmacological action: Nervine and hepatic tonic.

Soya (Anethum graveolens) (Dill)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, resolvent, diuretic, emmenagogue.

Azraqi (Strychnos nux-vomica) (Nux Vomica)

Pharmacological action: Nervine tonic, cerebral stimulant, stomach and bladder tonic.

Awsara Reywand (Garcinia Morella) (Gamboge)

Pharmacological action: Powerful hydragogue, cathartic, anthelmintic, anti-spasmodic.
Medicinal use: Effective in purging malhumours present in the body due to physiological or organ dysfunctions.

Asrol (Rauwolfia serpentina) (Snake root)

Pharmacological action: Antihypertensive, sedative, psychotropic.
Medicinal use: Effective in hysteria, high blood pressure, insomnia and irritative conditions of the central nervous system.

Asgand (Withania somnifera) (Winter Cherry)

Pharmacological action: Anti-rheumatic, diuretic.
Medicinal use: Effective in general debility, senile disorders, rheumatism, nervous exhaustion, loss of memory, spermatorrhea. Also effective in leucorrhea.

Asalas Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra) (Liquorice)

Pharmacological action: Cooling, demulcent, expectorant, anti-inflammatory.
Medicinal use: Effective in relieving thirst and cough, purging the

Arosa (Adhatoda vasica) (Vasaka)

Pharmacological action: Expectorant and antispasmodic.
Medicinal use: Effective in cough, chest congestion, asthma, tuberculosis.

Aqarqarha (Chrysanthemum indicum) (Pyrethrum)

Pharmacological action: Anti-phlegmatic, stimulant, purifier of cephalic humors, cardiac tonic.
Medicinal use: Effective in purifying impurities from the cephalic region, improves potency and sperm count, relieves chest pain and sciatica.

Anjabar (Polyognum bistorta) (Vivaparous Bistort)

Pharmacological action: Anti-haemorrhagic and anti-bilious.
Medicinal use: Effective in internal hemorrhages, bloody piles,

Anar (Punica granatum) (Pomegranate)

Pharmacological action: Antringent, refrigerant, anti-diarrhea, diuretic.
Medicinal use: Effective in strengthening heart and liver and

Amla (Emblica officinalis) (Indian Gooseberry)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, diuretic and antiseptic, anti-oxidant.

Biranjasif (Achillea millefolium) (Yarrow)

Pharmacological action: Anti-inflammatory and carminative.

Bel Giri (Aegle marmelos) (Bael Fuit)

Pharmacological action: Mucilaginous, antidysenteric, antidiabetic.
Medicinal use: Effective in chronic dysentery, constipation,

Behroza (Pinus roxburghii) (Pine)

Pharmacological action: Anti-inflammatory, laxative, expectorant and purgative.

Behman Safed (Centaurea behen) (Behen)

Pharmacological action: Aphrodisiac, exhilarant and cardiac tonic.
Medicinal use: Effective in strengthening heart and improving

Beejband (Sida cordifolia) (Country Mallow)

Pharmacological action: Aphrodisiac, nervine and cardiac tonic, antispasmodic.

Balsan (Comiphora stocksiana) (Balsam)

Pharmacological action: Anti-phlegmatic, demulcent, expectorant, carminative, diuretic.

Bahera (Terminalia belerica) (Beleric Myrobalan)

Pharmacological action: Tonic for digestive tract.
Medicinal use: Effective in diseases of the brain, eyes, nose and ears mainly caused due to digestive problems.

Badiyan (Foenuculum vulgare) (Fennel)

Pharmacological action: Carminative
Medicinal use: Effective in indigestion, abdominal pain, gastritis, bad breathe.

Badaranj Boya (Nepeta hindostana) (Nepeta Herb)

Pharmacological action: Exhilarant, carminative, cephalic tonic, cardiac.
Medicinal use: Effective in giddiness, bronchitis, griping, muscular pain, asthma, headache, scabies.

Badam (Prunus amygdalus) (Almond)

Pharmacological action: Nutritive, nervine tonic, aphrodisiac.
Medicinal use: Effective in mental fatigue, throat and chest

Chareyla (Parmelia perlata) (Yellow Lichen)

Pharmacological action: Exhilarant, antiseptic, astringent, diuretic, sedative.

Chilgooza (Pinus gerardiana) (Chilgoza Pine)

Pharmacological action: Nutritive, sexual tonic.
Medicinal use: Effective in sexual weakness, spermatorrhea, seminal

Darchini (Cinnamomum cassia) (Cinnamon)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, antispasmodic, stimulant, antiseptic.

Darunaj Aqrabi (Doronicum hookeri) (Leopard Bane)

Pharmacological action: Cardiac and brain tonic, exhilarant
Medicinal use: Effective in palpitation, paralysis, melancholia,

Filfil Siyah (Piper nigrum) (Black Pepper)

Pharmacological action: Stimulant, carminative, antipyretic.
Medicinal use: Effective in cholera, dyspepsia, flatulence, diarrhea,

Gul Mundi (Sphaeranthus indicus) (Globe Thistle)

Pharmacological action: Nervine tonic, blood purifier.

Gul Surkh (Rosa damascene) (Rose)

Pharmacological action: Refrigerant, mild laxative and mild astringent.

Gaozaban (Onosma bracteatum) (Borage)

Pharmacological action: Demulcent, diuretic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac.

Goond Katera (Cochlospermum gossypium) (Tragacanth)

Pharmacological action: Astringent, cooling, sedative, stomachic.
Medicinal use: Effective in normalizing body heat, irritation of eyes,

Halaila (Terminalia chebula) (Chebulic Myrobalan)

Pharmacological action: Anti-diarrhoeal, carminative, astringent, brain tonic.

Heeng (Ferula foetida) (Gum Foetida)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, nervine stimulant and expectorant.

Illaichi Kalan (Amomum subulatum) (Greater Cardamom)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, astringent, diuretic.

Illaichi Khurd (Elettaria cardamomum) (Cardamom)

Pharmacological action: Stimulant, carminative, diuretic, cardiac tonic.

Ispaghol (Plantago ovata) (Spogel)

Pharmacological action: Mucilaginous, laxative.
Medicinal use: Effective in febrile conditions, chronic constipation,

Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum) (Delphinium)

Pharmacological action: Cardiac and nervine tonic, analgesic, antidote for poisons.

Jalapa (Exogonium purga) (Jalap)

Pharmacological action: Anti-phlegmatic and purgative.

Khas (Vetiveria zizanioides) (Cuscus Grass)

Pharmacological action: Exhilarant, cardiac and brain tonic.

Khubazi (Malva sylvestris) (Common Mallow)

Pharmacological action: Mucilaginous, demulcent, repercussive.
Medicinal use: Effective in pulmonary complaints such as dry

Khatmi (Althaea officinalis) (Marsh Mallow)

Pharmacological action: Suppurative, repercussive, emollient, expectorant.

Khulanjan (Alpinia galanga) (Galangal)

Pharmacological action: Anti-tuburculous, carminative, masticatory.
Medicinal use: Effective in phlegmatic condition, bronchitis,

Khajur (Phoenix sylvestris) (Dates)

Pharmacological action: Nutritive, cardiac and nervine tonic, aphrodisiac, digestive.

Kasni (Cichorium intybus) (Endive, Chicory)

Pharmacological action: Deobstruent, diuretic, blood purifier.
Medicinal use: Effective in reducing body heat and inflammation of the liver and spleen. Promotes bile secretion and digestion.

Kashneez (Coriandrum sativum) (Coriander)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, anti-flatulent, cardiac refrigerant.

Kabab Chini (Piper cubeba) (Cubebs)

Pharmacological action: Antiseptic, anti-inflammatory for genito-urinary and upper respiratory mucous membranes.

Kaafur (Cinnamomum camphora) (Camphor)

Pharmacological action: Coolant, sedative, anti-spasmodic, antiseptic, carminative.

Kaladana (Ipomoea hederacea) (Pharbitis seeds)

Pharmacological action: Cathartic, anthelmintic, blood purifier, purgative.

Loong (Syzygium aromaticum) (Clove)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, antiseptic, stimulant.

Mako (Solanum miniatum) (Black night shade)

Pharmacological action: Diuretic, repercussive, sedative, anodyne.

Mastagi (Pistacia lentiscus) (Mastic)

Pharmacological action: Diuretic, anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac, expectorant.

Mocharas (Salmalia malabarica) (Silk Cotton Tree Gum)

Pharmacological action: Astringent, anticatarrhal, aphrodisiac.

Nag Kesar (Mesua ferrea) (Cobra’s Saffron)

Pharmacological action: Desiccative, vermicidal, anti-hemorrhoidal.

Nagar Mutha (Cyperus rotundus) (Sweet Cyperus)

Pharmacological action: Nervine tonic, anti-dyspeptic, attenuant.

Neem (Melia azadirachta) (Margosa)

Pharmacological action: Blood purifier, antiseptic, astringent.

Nelofar (Nelumbium nuciferum) (Water Lily)

Pharmacological action: Cardiac tonic, diuretic, cooling, sedative.

Oud Saleeb (Paeonia emodi) (Paeoni Root)

Pharmacological action: Anti-epileptic, blood purifier, nervine tonic.

Ood Balsa (Commiphora stocksiana) (Balsam)

Pharmacological action: Anti-inflammatory, anti-phlegmatic, anti-hemorrhoidal.

Pista (Pistacia vera) (Pistachio Nut)

Pharmacological action: Cardiac, cerebral and sexual tonic, expectorant.

Persiao-shan (Adiantum capillus-veneris) (Maiden Hair Fern)

Pharmacological action: Concoctive, expectorant, anticatarrhal.
Medicinal use: Effective in pneumonia, influenza, bronchitis and asthma.

Peepal (Piper longum) (Long Pepper)

Pharmacological action: Stomach tonic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, expectorant.

Reywand Chini (Rheum emodi) (Rhubarb)

Pharmacological action: Stimulant, liver tonic, diuretic.

Sunbul Teeb (Valeriana officianalis) (True Valerian)

Pharmacological action: Nervine and hepatic tonic.

Soya (Anethum graveolens) (Dill)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, resolvent, diuretic, emmenagogue.

Sooranjan Shireen (Colchicum autumnale) (Colchicum)

Pharmacological action: Anti-spasmodic, anti-phlegmatic, anti-rheumatic.

Shatara (Fumaria indica) (Fumitory)

Pharmacological action: Blood purifier, tonic and sedative, diuretic.

Shaqaqal Misri (Asparagus adscendens) (Garden Asparagus)

Pharmacological action: Aphrodisiac, antidiarrheal, antispasmodic, diuretic.

Sapistan (Cordia dichotoma) (Sebestan plum)

Pharmacological action: Demulcent, lubricant and tonic, expectorant.

Salab Misri (Orchis mascula) (Salep Orchid)

Pharmacological action: Mucilaginous, demulcent, aphrodisiac.

Sana Maki (Cassia senna) (Senna)

Pharmacological action: Cathartic, blood purifier, anthelmintic.

Sandal Safed (Santalum album) (Sandal)

Pharmacological action: Tonic for vital organs, disinfectant for respiratory and urogenital organs.

Todri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri) (Wall flower)

Pharmacological action: Cardiac tonic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, stomachic.

Tabashir (Bambusa arundinacea) (Bamboo)

Pharmacological action: Refrigerant, astringent, anthelmintic.

Ustokhuddus (Lavandula stoechas) (Lavender)

Pharmacological action: Cephalic, nervine, carminative, expectorant, stimulant.

Ushba (Hemidesmus indicus) (Sarsaparilla)

Pharmacological action: Diuretic and blood purifier.

Unnab (Zizyphus jujube) (Jujube)

Pharmacological action: Blood purifier, emollient.

Zeera Siyah (Carum carvi) (Black Cumin)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, astringent, pectoral, detersive.

Zeera Safed (Cuminum cyminum) (Cumin)

Pharmacological action: Carminative, astringent, diuretic.
Medicinal use: Effective in dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain.

Zafran (Crocus sativus) (Saffron)

Pharmacological action: Stimulant, exhilarant, stomachic and aphrodisiac.